Since the desert air was so try, the bread quickly turned stale. in this sentence, which word serves as a clue that there is cause and effect?

How can i but "as william walking with his wife was seen"as a short sentnse

Laugh and be merry, remember, better the world with a song,    better the world with a blow in the teeth of a wrong.    laugh, for the time is brief, a thread the length of a span.    laugh and be proud to belong to the old proud pageant of man. (laugh and be merry/john masefield/public domain) which of these is the main idea of the poem?

Strategies garrett hardin uses to develop his ideas in lifeboat ethics an how they contribute to his overall point