Very pure liquid water can be subcooled at atmospheric pressure to temperatures well below 0°C. Assume that 1 kg has been cooled as a liquid to −6°C. A small ice crystal (of negligible mass) is added to “seed” the subcooled liquid. If the subsequent change occurs adiabatically at atmospheric pressure, what fraction of the system freezes, and what is the final temperature? What is ΔS total for the process, and what is its irreversible feature? The latent heat of fusion of water at 0°C is 333.4 J⋅g−1, and the specific heat of subcooled liquid water is 4.226 J⋅g−1⋅°C−1. [

Acommercial grade cubical freezer, 4 m on a side, has a composite wall consisting of an exterior sheet of 5.0-mm thick plain carbon steel (kst= 60.5 w/m k), an intermediate layer of 100-mm thick polyurethane insulation (kins 0.02 w/m k), and an inner sheet of 5.0- mm thick aluminium alloy (kal polyurethane insulation and both metallic sheets are each characterized by a thermal contact resistance of r 2.5 x 104 m2 k/w. (a) what is the steady-state cooling load that must be maintained by the refrigerator under conditions for which the outer and inner surface temperatures are 25°c and -5°c, respectively? (b) for power saving purpose, which wall material should be increased/reduced in. thickness in order to reduce 50% of the cooling load found in part (a)? redesign the thickness of the proposed material. 177 w/m-k). adhesive interfaces between the q=575.93 w