In the article "Preparing for Aluminum GTAW" by Frank Armao, what are the author's recommendations for preparing aluminum base metal for welding ?

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)

Apure substance is a)-mixture of various chemical elements or compounds b)-substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout c)-mixture that is homogeneous (such as air) d)-all the answers

Consider a 1.2 meter high and 2 meter wide glass window whose thickness is 6 mm and thermal conductivity is 0.78 w/m °c. the room temperature is maintained at 24 °c, while the outdoor temperature is -5 °c. the convective heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the window are 10 w/m2 °c and 25 w/m2 °c respectively. (a) draw the thermal resistance network, etermine the steady rate of heat transfer t e glass window (c) determine the temperature of the inner surface of the window