Describe in your own words the three strengthening mechanisms a) Grain size reduction.

b) Solid-solution strengthening.

c) Strain hardening.​

a) Decreasing grain size decreases the amount of possible pile up at the boundary, increasing the amount of applied stress necessary to move a dislocation across a grain boundary. ... Grain sizes can range from about 100 μm (0.0039 in) (large grains) to 1 μm (3.9×10−5 in) (small grains).

b) Solid solution strengthening is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal. The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution.

c) Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the strengthening of a metal or polymer by plastic deformation. ... This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements and dislocation generation within the crystal structure of the material.

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