Due to a special consideration for the passage of gas pipes through the steel beams of a bridge, a special pipes was proposed as shown in the accompanying diagram.

a) Determine the plastic section modulus of the section
b) Assuming the yield strength of steel is Fy and the shape factor is 1.2 determine the elastic moment.
S) Explain the philosophy of Limit State Design as regards to elastic and plastic analysis of steel structures.

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Aloaded platform of total mass 500 kg is supported by a dashpot and by a set of springs of effective stiffness 72 kn/m. it is observed that when the platform is depressed through a distance x = 12.5 cm below its equilibrium position and then released without any initial velocity; it reaches its equilibrium position in the shortest possible time without overshoot. find the position and velocity of the loaded platform 0.10 sec. after its release. if a further load of 400 kg is added to the platform, find, i) the frequency of damped vibrations, and i) the amplitude of vibration after 2 complete oscillations, given that the initial amplitude is 15 cm.

Inadequate stores control is not an obstacle to effective work order system. (clo4) a)-true b)-false