Aspect ratio in microsystem technology (MST) is best defined by: (a) degree of anisotropy in etched features, (b) height-to-width ratio of the fabricated features, (c) height-to-width ratio of the MST device, (d) length-to-width ratio of the fabricated features, (e) thickness-to-length ratio of the MST device

Water flows at the rate of 200 i/s upwards through a tapered vertical pipe. the diameter at marks(3) clo5) the bottom is 240 mm and at the top 200 mm and the length is 5m. the pressure at the bottom is 8 bar, and the pressure at the topside is 7.3 bar. determine the head loss through the pipe. express it as a function of exit velocity head.