Suppose that a wing component on an aircraft is fabricated from an aluminum alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 40 MPa (36.4 ksi. It has been determined that fracture results at a stress of 365 MPa (53,000 psi) when the maximum internal crack length is 2.5 mm (0.10 in.). For this same component and alloy, compute the stress level at which fracture will occur for a critical internal crack length of 4.0 mm (0.16 in.)

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly e end nation about same energy states, 1 and 2, where pi 10 bar, v undergoes two processes, a and b, between the sam 0.1 m3, ui-400 kj and p2 1 bar, v2 1.0 m2, u2 200 kj: process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure- volume relation is pv constant process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to +20 0 state 2 kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, (a) sketch the process on p-v coordinates, (b) evaluate the work, in kj, and (c) evaluate process the heat transfer, in kj