2. The following segment of carotid artery has an inlet velocity of 50 cm/s (diameter of 15 mm). The outlet has a diameter of 11mm. The pressure at inlet is 110 mm of Hg and pressure at outlet is 95 mm of Hg. Determine the forces required to keep the artery in place (consider steady state, ignore the mass of blood in the vessel and the mass of blood vessel; blood density is 1050 kg/m3)

This question is incomplete, the missing diagram is uploaded along this answer below.

the forces required to keep the artery in place is 1.65 N

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Inlet velocity V₁ = 50 cm/s = 0.5 m/s

diameter d₁ = 15 mm = 0.015 m

radius r₁ = 0.0075 m

diameter d₂ = 11 mm = 0.011 m

radius r₂ = 0.0055 m

A₁ = πr² = 3.14( 0.0075 )² =  1.76625 × 10⁻⁴ m²

A₂ = πr² = 3.14( 0.0055 )² =  9.4985 × 10⁻⁵ m²

pressure at inlet P₁ = 110 mm of Hg = 14665.5 pascal

pressure at outlet P₂ = 95 mm of Hg = 12665.6 pascal

Inlet volumetric flowrate = A₁V₁ = 1.76625 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.5 = 8.83125 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s

given that; blood density is 1050 kg/m³

mass going in m' = 8.83125 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s × 1050 kg/m³ = 0.092728 kg/s

Now, using continuity equation

A₁V₁ = A₂V₂

V₂ = A₁V₁ / A₂ = (d₁/d₂)² × V₁

we substitute

V₂ =  (0.015 / 0.011 )² × 0.5

V₂ = 0.92975 m/s

from the diagram, force balance in x-direction;

0 - P₂A₂ × cos(60°) + Rₓ = m'( V₂cos(60°) - 0 )    

so we substitute in our values

0 - (12665.6 × 9.4985 × 10⁻⁵)  × cos(60°) + Rₓ = 0.092728( 0.92975 cos(60°) - 0 )    

0 - 0.6014925 + Rₓ =  0.043106929 - 0

Rₓ = 0.043106929 + 0.6014925

Rₓ = 0.6446 N

Also, we do the same force balance in y-direction;

P₁A₁ - P₂A₂ × sin(60°) + R = m'( V₂sin(60°) - 0.5 )  

we substitute

⇒ (14665.5 × 1.76625 × 10⁻⁴) - (12665.6 × 9.4985 × 10⁻⁵) × sin(60°) + R = 0.092728( 0.92975sin(60°) - 0.5 )

⇒ 1.5484 + R = 0.092728( 0.305187 )

⇒ 1.5484 + R = 0.028299    

R = 0.028299 - 1.5484

R = -1.52 N

Hence reaction force required will be;

R = √( Rₓ² + R² )

we substitute

R = √( (0.6446)² + (-1.52)² )

R = √( 0.41550916 + 2.3104 )

R = √( 2.72590916 )

R = 1.65 N

Therefore, the forces required to keep the artery in place is 1.65 N

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