Stirrups are used in a concrete beam: a. to increase the beam's compressive strength.
b. to provide tensile strength in the beam since concrtete's tensile strength is negligible.
c. to increase the tensile strength of the beam beyond that provided by concrete.
d. to provide shear strength in the beam because concrete's shear strength is negligible.
e. to increase the shear strength of the beam beyond that provided by the concrete.

Determine the time of the day and month of the year at which the peak sensible cooling load occurs for a top floor, north-eastern corner room of an office building in durban for the following conditions: floor area: 8 x 8 x 3 m east and north walls: 115 mm face brick (outside), 20 mm air space, 115 mm ordinary brick (inside) with 15 mm plaster roof construction: suspended plasterboard ceiling, 450 mm air space, 150 mm concrete, 75mm screed, waterproofing no heat transfer across other surfaces window area 3x 1,5 m high in north wall only. ordinary glass with venetian blinds. lights and occupants : from 07: 00 to 18: 00 average light density: 25 w/m2 number of occupants : 5 seated, light office work room temperature 24°c