Horizontal shear forces and, consequently, horizontal shear stresses are caused in a flexural member at those locations where the internal bending moment is changing along the beam span. The imbalance in the bending stress resultant forces acting on a portion of the cross-section demands an internal horizontal shear force for equilibrium. a. True
b. False

Explain the difference laminar and turbulent flow. explain it with the shear stress and the velocity profiles.

Afour cylinder four-stroke in-line engine has a stroke of 160mm, connecting rod length of 150mm, a reciprocating mass of 3kg and its firing order is 1-3-4-2. the spacing between cylinders is 100mm. i. show that the engine is in balance with regard to the primary inertia forces and primary 3. a and secondary inertia couples. li determine the out of balance secondary inertia force ii. propose ways of balancing this out of balance force and discuss the challenges that will arise

Carbon dioxide gas expands isotherm a turbine from 1 mpa, 500 k at 200 kpa. assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting the kinetic and potential energies, determine the change in entropy, heat transfer and work for each kilogram of co2.