A vertebra is subjected to a shearing force of 540 N . Find the shear deformation, taking the vertebra to be a cylinder 3.00 cm high and 5.00 cm in diameter. The shear modulus for vertebrae is 8.0×1010 N/m2 .

Water vapor initially at 10 bar and 400 °c is contained within a piston-cylinder assembly. the water lost heat to the surrounding according to isochoric (iso-volumetric) process until its temperature is 150 °c. the water is then condensed isothermally to saturated liquid. for the water as a system, calculate the work in kj/kg