Determine the flexural capacity, ÏMn for the singly reinforced rectangular beams having the following properties. Use strength reduction factors from ACI Code. Use beam 1 as a reference, identify the best way to increase the flexural capacity of a reinforced concrete beam and discuss.

Beam No. b (in.) d (in.) Bars f_c (psi) f_y (psi)
1 12 22 3 No. 7 4,000 60,000
2 12 22 2 No. 9 plus 1 No. 8 4,000 60,000
3 12 22 3 No. 7 4,000 80,000
4 12 22 3 No. 7 6,000 60,000
5 12 33 3 No. 7 4,000 60,000

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.