A thermal process is being used to reduce the microbial population on product contact surfaces of the packages needed for aseptic packaging of the liquid product. The spoilage microorganism has a D121 5 10 min and a z 5 88C. The microbial population on the surface is 100 per cm2 and the product contact surface area is 8 cm2 for each package. A 9D process has been recommended. a. Determine the process time for the containers at 1408C. b. Estimate the number of containers with spoilage based on survivors on the package surface when 10 million packages have been filled.