Define the overall equilibrium used in system of thermodynamics. Elaborate the norms that constitute that equilibrium. Give an example of system with suitable diagram for each norm and further extend by changing one status how it will deviate from that equilibrium.

Afoot bridge is made as a simple deck, 4 m long, with a cross section 2 m (wide) and 20 cm thick, and made of wood. the deck is supported at the two ends. the maximum load allowable on the bridge is 10 tons, provided it is uniformly distributed on the deck. to sense this load, a strain gauge is placed at the center of the bridge and its resistance is monitored. if the sensor has a nominal resistance of 350 s2 and a gauge factor of 3.6, what is the reading of the strain gauge at maximum load? the modulus of elasticity for the wood used in the construction is 10 gpa.

Ahelical coil spring has a mean diameter of 50 mm, a wire diameter of 5.5 mm and is wound with a pitch of 10 mm. the spring steel has an ultimate strength of 1250 mpa. find the force needed to compress the spring solid and the wire stress in this condition. state whether the spring will return to its initial length.

Define thermoplastic polymers and thermosetting polymers in terms of their structures, and (ii) describe briefly a process suitable for the production of products from each type of polymer.