The wall shear stress in a fully developed flow portion of a 24-in.-diameter pipe carrying water is 1.60 lb/ft2. Determine the pressure gradient, ∂p/∂x, where x is in the flow direction, if the pipe is (a) horizontal, (b) vertical with flow up, or (c) vertical with flow down.

Thermal stresses are developed in a metal when its a) initial temperature is changed b) final temperature is changed c) density is changed d) thermal deformation is prevented e) expansion is prevented f) contraction is prevented

Steam enters a converging nozzle at 3.0 mpa and 500°c with a at 1.8 mpa. for a nozzle exit area of 32 cm2, determine the exit velocity, mass flow rate, and exit mach number if the nozzle: negligible velocity, and it exits (a) is isentropic (b) has an efficiency of 94 percent

Estimate the change in specific internal energy au and specific enthalpy h from inlet to outlet for ethylene glycol (a liquid) flowing through each of the following devices: (a) a heat exchanger where the glycol temperature increases from 20 °c to 80 °c; (b) a pump operating at about 25 °c and increasing the glycol pressure from 100 kpa to 8 mpa.