Subroutines in MIPS Determines the minimum of two integers Functions within the MIPS slides describe how one can use subroutines (also called procedures, functions, and methods) in MIPS. Because of the importance of subroutines in modern programming, most hardware designers include mechanisms to help programmers. In a high-level language like C or Java, most of the details of subroutine calling are hidden from the programmer.

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Subroutines in MIPS Determines the minimum of two integers Functions within the MIPS slides describe how one can use subroutines (also called procedures, functions, and methods) in MIPS. Because of the importance of subroutines in modern programming, most hardware designers include mechanisms to help programmers. In a high-level language like C or Java, most of the details of subroutine calling are hidden from the programmer. MIPS has special registers to send information to and from a subroutine. The registers $a0, $a1, $a2, $a3 are used to pass arguments (or parameters) into the subroutine. The registers $v0 and $v1 are used to pass arguments (or parameters) back from the subroutine. The stack (and stack pointer register $sp) is used for a variety of things when using subroutines. The stack is used to pass additional parameters to and from subroutines. It is also used to hold temporary values in memory that a subroutine may need. Most importantly, it is used to save the current state so the subroutine can return back to the caller once it has completed. This includes the frame pointer ($fp), the return address register ($ra), and the caller-saved registers ($s0-$s7). Imagine you would like a program that reads two integers from the user, determine the smaller of the two, then prints the minimum value. One way to do this would be to have a subroutine that takes two arguments and returns the smaller of the two. The program shown below illustrates one way to do this.

Explanation:

# minimum function to compute min($a0, $a1):

In this code below,

   $a0, $a1 are arguments

   $v0, $v1 are return value (which storing the value which is less than other)

   $ra is return address

min:

blt $a0, $a1, firstIsLessThanLabel

blt $a1, $a0, secondIsLessThanLabel

  firstIsLessThanLabel:

move $v0, $a0

  secondIsLessThanLabel:

move $v0, $a1

jr $ra

Kindle note that, if you want to print: you are to use this code instead.

firstIsLessThanLabel: // procedure is created

li $v0, 4

la $a0, labelP1IsLess

syscall

b exitLabel

secondIsLessThanLabel:   // procedure is created

li $v0, 4

la $a0, labelP2IsLess

syscall

b exitLabel

exitLabel: // procedure is created

li $vo, 10

syscall

The below codes is the entire code without procedure:

.data

p1: .asciiz "Please enter the 1st integer: "

p2: .asciiz "Please enter the 2nd integer: "

labelP1IsLess: .asciiz "first number is less than second number"

labelP2IsLess: .asciiz "second number is less than first number"

.text

main:

li $v0, 4

la $a0, p1

syscall

li $v0, 5

syscall           //read the input

move $8, $v0

li $v0, 4

la $a0, p2

syscall

li $v0, 5

syscall

move $9, $v0

blt $8, $9, firstIsLessThanLabel

blt $9, $8, secondIsLessThanLabel

b exitLabel

firstIsLessThanLabel:

li $v0, 4

la $a0, labelP1IsLess

syscall

b exitLabel

secondIsLessThanLabel:

li $v0, 4

la $a0, labelP2IsLess

syscall

b exitLabel

exitLabel:

li $vo, 10

syscall

false

a hangover caused by drinking a lethal dosage of alcohol