The lottery game matches three different numbers between 1 and 10. Winning depends on how many matching numbers are provided by a player. The player provides three different numbers between 1 and 10. The player doesn’t have to guess the order of numbers. The payout rules for the lottery are:

If there is a match of all 3 numbers, the winning $ 1000.If there is a match with 2 numbers, the winning $ 10.If there is a match of all with 1 numbers, the winning $ 1.With no match, the winning is $0.Write a function Lottery3 that checks three numbers provided by a player and determine the winning amount. If the user mistakenly enters same number twice/thrice and if that number matches one of the winning numbers, the code should count that number only once and display correct result. The player doesn’t have to guess the order of numbers. The input to the function Lottery3 can have up to two input arguments. The first input argument is a row array numbers with 3 numbers. If the second argument input testCode is present, and is a row vector of 3 values, the function Lottery3 uses the code in testCode as the three winning numbers (the test must be three different integer numbers between 1 and 10), else three different numbers will be automatically generated by testCode. The ouput should return the variable winnings and the three winning numbers in the row array winNumbers. Hint: Make use of the internal function any. Restriction: The function must use switch-case statements to determine the winning.

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Infrared sensor is most used sensor in wireless technology where remote controlling functions and detection of surrounding objects/ obstacles are involved. this post will discuss about what is infrared sensor, its working principle, how it works, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages. what is infrared sensor

ir sensor is a simple electronic device which emits and detects ir radiation in order to find out certain objects/obstacles in its range. some of its features are heat and motion sensing.

ir sensors use infrared radiation of wavelength between 0.75 to 1000µm which falls between visible and microwave regions of electromagnetic spectrum. ir region is not visible to human eyes. infrared spectrum is categorized into three regions based on its wavelength i.e. near infrared, mid infrared, far infrared.

wavelength regions of infrared spectrum

near ir – 0.75µm to 3 µm
mid ir – 3 µm to 6 µm
far ir – > 6 µm
1 introduction to infrared sensor

fig. 1 – introduction to infrared sensor

working principle of infrared sensor

infrared sensors works on three fundamental physics laws:

planck’s radiation law: any object whose temperature is not equal to absolute zero (0 kelvin) emits radiation.
stephan boltzmann law: the total energy emitted at all wavelengths by a black body is related to the absolute temperature.
wein’s displacement law: objects of different temperature emit spectra that peak at different wavelengths that is inversely proportional to temperature.
key elements of infrared detection system

the key elements of infrared detection system are:

ir transmitter

ir transmitter acts as source for ir radiation. according to plank’s radiation law, every object is a source of ir radiation at temp t above 0 kelvin. in most cases black body radiators, tungsten lamps, silicon carbide, infrared lasers, leds of infrared wavelength are used as sources.

transmission medium

as the name suggests, transmission medium provides passage for the radiation to reach from ir transmitter to ir receiver. vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers are used as medium.

ir receiver

generally ir receivers are photo diode and photo transistors. they are capable of detecting infrared radiation. hence ir receiver is also called as ir detector. variety of receivers are available based on wavelength, voltage and package.

ir transmitter and receivers are selected with matching parameters. some of deciding specifications of receivers are photosensitivity or responsivity, noise equivalent power and detectivity.