Define the following leveling terms by matching the words given to the appropriate explanations in the sentences below:
(a) vertical line, (b) level surface, and (c) benchmark.

1. that follows the local direction of gravity as indicated by a plumb line
2. that at every point is perpendicular to the local plumb line (the direction in which gravity acts).
3. natural or artificial, having a marked point whose elevation above or below a reference datum is known or assumed.

Apiston-cylinder with a volume of 0.25 m3 holds 1 kg of air (r 0.287 k/kgk) at a temperature of 100 c. heat transfer to the cylinder causes an isothermal expansion of the piston until the volume triples. how much heat is added to the piston-cylinder?

Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the refrigerant is evaporating at -20°c. air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 0°c and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of sl- st 1.5 cm. there are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row. determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) pressure drop across the tube bank. evaluate the air properties at an assumed mean temperature of -5°c and 1 atm. is this a good assumption?

Adouble-strand no. 60 roller chain is used to transmit power between a 13-tooth driving sprocket rotating at 300 rev/min and a 52-tooth driven sprocket. a) what is the allowable horsepower of this drive? b) estimate the center-to-center distance if the chain length is 82 pitches. c) estimate the torque and bending force on the driving shaft by the chain if the actual horsepower transmitted is 30 percent less than the corrected (allowable) power.