Astress-strain test is performed on an aligned fibrous composite such that the force is applied in the longitudinal direction. during the initial stage of the test, which phase bears most of the load? draw a picture of this loading.

An ammonia compressor has a 5% clearance volume and displacement rate of 80 l/s and pumps against a condensing temperature of 40°c. for two different temperatures of -10°c and 10°c, compute the mass flow rate of refrigerant assuming the clearance volumetric efficiency applies. discharge specific volume corresponding to-10°c and 10°c are 112.5 l/kg and 95 l/kg, respectively.