Consider a solar panel system composed of 100 w modules (i. e., panels) that is coupled with a lead acid battery storage system to be used for a small business. you only plan to store electricity overnight. assume that the panels produce electrical energy 8 hours each day and that the electrical energy is used steadily throughout the day. size the system so that you can provide 48 kwh per day. the capacity factor of the solar panels is 15%. the voltage controller efficiency is 90%. the round trip efficiency is 78%. the depth of discharge is 80%. during the day when power is available from the panels it is provided directly to the house and is not stored in the batteries.

the cell efficiency is 17%. the installed cost of the system is $4.00/w including the pv panels, battery storage, inverters, and modifications to the house. the system has a solar access factor of 95%, a cleanliness factor of 98%, a temperature derate factor of 0.88, wiring and mismatch loss reduction factor 95%, an inverter efficiency of 90%, and a storage efficiency (i. e., round trip efficiency) of 95% based on input energy. assume that all power delivered by the system is provided through the batteries. solar insolation in the region average averages 250 w/m2 year round. the system may be purchased with a 20 year payback period at an interest rate of 6%. o& m costs are $0.01/kwh. the household has an annual electricity usage of 11,000 kwh. each panel requires 0.72 m2 of roof area.

how much power do the panels need to provide directly to the house (kwh/day)?

how much power do the panels need to provide to the batteries (kwh/day)?

what is the needed rated capacity of the solar panels (kw)?