The diffusion flux of copper solute atoms in aluminum solvent from point a to point b, that is 10 µm apart, is 8 × 1017 atoms/ (m2·s) at 500°c. determine the concentration gradient between the two points. (d = 4 × 10-14 m2/s) the concentration gradient between the point a and point b is × 1031 atoms/m4.

1kg of water contained in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes two processes in series from an initial state where the pressure is 3.0 bar and the temperature is 150°c process 1-2: the water is compressed isothermally to a volume of 0.25 m^3 with 120 kj of work being done to the system. process 2-3: the water is heated at constant volume to a final pressure of 10 bar. a. find the change in internal energy for the system. b. calculate the amount of heat transferred, in kj. c. sketch both processes on a t-v diagram. (196.33 kj/kg, 76.33 kj)