The best approach to keeping your car in safe working order is to

1. Perform regular based-on-time or based-on-use inspections and adjustments.

2. Perform regular good quality replacements according to use or/and environment conditions

Explanation:

The best approach to keeping a car in a safe working order is to perform preventive maintenance activities to avoid unexpected failures that could put at risk people in a car. These preventive maintenance activities could be categorized into two groups:

Regular based-on-time or based-on-use inspections and adjustments.Regular good quality replacements.

Those maintenance activities based-on-time (generally, based on days) or based-on-use (according to miles or kilometers) inspections and adjustments include those performed, at least, on main components fluids levels and working conditions of:

Motor oil level and oil quality conditions.Motor coolant system level.Braking system liquid level.Steering system liquid level.Tires pneumatic pressure.Oil leakage presence below motor, gears box (manual transmission) or automatic transmission or in front or/and rear axles.Condition of shock absorbers (suspension system).

Those maintenance activities based on regular good quality replacements depend on the evaluation of the previous ones and include main components such as:

Motor oil.Spark plugs.Oil/Air/Gas filters.Headlights and stop lights.Battery.Tires.Brake's pads and brake rotor rectification.

Good quality means replacements that meet quality norms and well-performed maintenance activities.

Again, these are activities that are performed in main and critical components, that is, a failure on them may have a high impact with high consequences (including loss of life) for those inside the car.

Infrared sensor is most used sensor in wireless technology where remote controlling functions and detection of surrounding objects/ obstacles are involved. this post will discuss about what is infrared sensor, its working principle, how it works, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages. what is infrared sensor

ir sensor is a simple electronic device which emits and detects ir radiation in order to find out certain objects/obstacles in its range. some of its features are heat and motion sensing.

ir sensors use infrared radiation of wavelength between 0.75 to 1000µm which falls between visible and microwave regions of electromagnetic spectrum. ir region is not visible to human eyes. infrared spectrum is categorized into three regions based on its wavelength i.e. near infrared, mid infrared, far infrared.

wavelength regions of infrared spectrum

near ir – 0.75µm to 3 µm
mid ir – 3 µm to 6 µm
far ir – > 6 µm
1 introduction to infrared sensor

fig. 1 – introduction to infrared sensor

working principle of infrared sensor

infrared sensors works on three fundamental physics laws:

planck’s radiation law: any object whose temperature is not equal to absolute zero (0 kelvin) emits radiation.
stephan boltzmann law: the total energy emitted at all wavelengths by a black body is related to the absolute temperature.
wein’s displacement law: objects of different temperature emit spectra that peak at different wavelengths that is inversely proportional to temperature.
key elements of infrared detection system

the key elements of infrared detection system are:

ir transmitter

ir transmitter acts as source for ir radiation. according to plank’s radiation law, every object is a source of ir radiation at temp t above 0 kelvin. in most cases black body radiators, tungsten lamps, silicon carbide, infrared lasers, leds of infrared wavelength are used as sources.

transmission medium

as the name suggests, transmission medium provides passage for the radiation to reach from ir transmitter to ir receiver. vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers are used as medium.

ir receiver

generally ir receivers are photo diode and photo transistors. they are capable of detecting infrared radiation. hence ir receiver is also called as ir detector. variety of receivers are available based on wavelength, voltage and package.

ir transmitter and receivers are selected with matching parameters. some of deciding specifications of receivers are photosensitivity or responsivity, noise equivalent power and detectivity.