Acast iron steam pipe of 14 cm od and 12 cm id carries steam at 3 be insulated with a 3 cm thick insulating coating with k 0.05 w/m-k. the ambient temperature is 0°c and the outer and inner heat transfer coefficients are 75 and 225 w/m-k, respectively. what thickness of insulation, when placed on the outer surface, give the same heat flux as that when it is placed on the inner surface? you will need to use a graphical or numerical method to approximate this result.

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly e end nation about same energy states, 1 and 2, where pi 10 bar, v undergoes two processes, a and b, between the sam 0.1 m3, ui-400 kj and p2 1 bar, v2 1.0 m2, u2 200 kj: process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure- volume relation is pv constant process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to +20 0 state 2 kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, (a) sketch the process on p-v coordinates, (b) evaluate the work, in kj, and (c) evaluate process the heat transfer, in kj