A(n) is similar to a virus, except that it is an independent program that can be spread across computer networks without being attached to other files.

1. which of the following statements are true about routers and routing on the internet. choose two answers. a. protocols ensure that a single path between two computers is established before sending packets over it. b. routers are hierarchical and the "root" router is responsible for communicating to sub-routers the best paths for them to route internet traffic. c. a packet traveling between two computers on the internet may be rerouted many times along the way or even lost or "dropped". d. routers act independently and route packets as they see fit.

For positive constants a and b, the force between two atoms in a molecule is given f(r) = −a r2 + b r3 , where r > 0 is the distance between the atoms. note: a and b are upper case letters. (a) find f '(r) = (b) find the critical point for f(r). r = (c) find f ''(r) = (d) find the value of r so that f ''(r) = 0.

Jackson, who works in the finance department of a company, is holding a seminar for other employees on how to file taxes. only three employees sign up to attend the seminar. which device can he use to share his presentation with a group of three employees?