Define software artifacts rigorously. Establish a software process that provides flexibility. In 40-20-40 rule, maintenance counts for one of the 40. Configuration items is also called the baselines. We should plan and manage to prevent changes and uncertainty. We should discuss Tradeoffs explicitly with the users, but no need to document them in baselines. Perfective maintenance adapts to changes in the environment (both hardware and software). Manage quality as informal as possible. Agile projects do less planning than document-driven projects that means documentation is not important at all. We should never through away a prototype, because we already spent money and time on it.

The instruction ishl (shift left integer) exists in jvm but not in ijvm. it uses the top two values on the stack, replacing the two with a single value, the result. the sec- ond-from-top word of the stack is the operand to be shifted. its content is shifted left by a value between 0 and 31, inclusive, depending on the value of the 5 least signifi- cant bits of the top word on the stack (the other 27 bits of the top word are ignored). zeros are shifted in from the right for as many bits as the shift count. the opcode for ishl is 120 (0x78).a. what is the arithmetic operation equivalent to shifting left with a count of 2? b. extend the microcode to include this instruction as a part of ijv.

List a few alternative options and input and output over the standerd keyboard and monitor. explain their functioning in details.

Text or graphics that print at the bottom of every page are called footings footers headers headings