a) Our String class always deletes the old character buffer and allocates a new character buffer on assignment or in the copy constructor. This need not be done if the new value is shorter than the current value and hence would fit the existing buffer. Rewrite the String class to only allocate a new buffer when necessary

answer: internal fragmentation is the difference between the (fixed) size of a memory hole and the data within in that memory. for example, if a 1,024 byte block of memory holds 800 bytes of data, then the 224 bytes difference is considered lost to internal fragmentation.

external fragmentation occurs when the sum of memory fragments is large enough to satisfy a request, but the holes are non-contiguous and the request cannot be satisfied. this can occur when memory is dynamically allocated and freed.

explanation: