how does a file system solves the problem of storing and retrieving file from a storage medium such as disk

Explanation:

In a computer, a file system -- sometimes written filesystem -- is the way in which files are named and where they are placed logically for storage and retrieval. Without a file system, stored information wouldn't be isolated into individual files and would be difficult to identify and retrieve. As data capacities increase, the organization and accessibility of individual files are becoming even more important in data storage.

maybe when you are listing people names in a job.

i am not 100% sure

i do not get the question.