Show how the recursive multiplication algorithm computes XY, where X = 1234 and Y = 4321. Include all recursive computations.

The result of recursive multiplication algorithm is 5332114 . Here karatsuba algorithm with recursive approach is used to compute XY where X = 1234 and Y = 4321.

Explanation:

The steps for karatsuba algorithm with recursive approach:

base case:

if(X<10) or (Y<10) then multiply X with Y

For example if X is 1 and Y is 2. Then XY = 1*2 = 2

Recursive case:

Now when the above if condition is not true then follow these steps to compute XY

Compute the size of numbers.

Notice that there are 4 digits in X i.e. 1 2 3 4 and a 4 digits in Y i.e. 4 3 2 1

So n = 4

Now divide the numbers in 2 parts as:

n/2 = 4/2 = 2

Since these are decimal numbers so we can write it as:

10^n/2

Now split the digits

X = 1234 is divided into 2 parts as:

12 and 34

Let a represent the first part and b represent the second part of X. So,

a = 12

b = 34

Y = 4321 is divided into 2 parts as:

43 and 21

Let c represent the first part and d represent the second part of Y. So,

c = 43

d = 21

Let multiplication reprsents the karatsuba recursive multiplication algorithm

Now recursively compute products of inputs of size n/2  

   multiplication (a, c)

   multiplication (b, d)

   multiplication (add(a, b), add(c, d))  

  Combine the above 3 products to compute XY  

As we know these decimal numbers have base 10 and X and Y are divided into two parts So X can be written as:

X =  a+b

Y can be written as:

Y =  c+d

Now compute XY as:

XY = (  a+b) (  c+d)

XY =  ac +  ad +    bc + bd

     =    ac + (ad + bc) + bd

Now put the values of n = 4, a = 12, b = 34 , c = 43 and d = 21

      = 10⁴ (12*43) + 10² (12*21 + 34*43) + (34*21)

      = 10⁴ (516) + 10² (252 + 1462) + 714

      = 10000*516 + 100*1714 + 714

      = 5160000 + 171400 + 714

XY  = 5332114

Hence the karatsuba multiplication algorithm with recursive appraoch computes XY = 5332114

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