Problem 2 - Client Centric Consistency Models (20 points): A client is the only reader and writer of a data item X. Client moves between locations L1 and L2. A server at each location has a replica of the item X and also stores X's local version number (generation). The client reads and writes are always performed locally. A read operation R also returns the local version number of the item X. The initial version number of each copy is equal to 0. A write W increments the (local) version number by 1. PW is an update operation to the remote copy (initiated after a local W). PW carries the version number of X and stores it with the update. The time line goes from left to right. For each sub-problem

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Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a,b,c,d sharing the medium. (a) stations a,b,c,d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful.when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

In the context of an internet connection, llc stands for leased line connection liability limited company local loop complex local loop carrier