4.1. Since May 26, 2002, the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) describes the official standard of the US government. 1. The evolutionary history of AES differs from that of DES. Briefly describe the differences of the AES history in comparison to DES. 2. Outline the fundamental events of the developing process. 3. What is the name of the algorithm that is known as AES? 4. Who developed this algorithm? 5. Which block sizes and key lengths are supported by this algorithm?

Convert and simplify the following sentences to conjunctive normal form (cnf): (a) (p → (q → r)) → (p → (r → q)) (b) (p ∧ q) → (¬p ↔ q) (c) ((p → q) ∧ ¬q) → ¬p

Assume the existence of a bankaccount class. define a derived class, savingsaccount that contains two instance variables: the first a double, named interestrate, and the second an integer named interesttype. the value of the interesttype variable can be 1 for simple interest and 2 for compound interest. there is also a constructor that accepts two parameters: a double that is used to initialize the interestrate variable, and a string that you may assume will contain either "simple", or "compound", and which should be used to initialize the interesttype variable appropriately. there should also be a pair of functions getinterestrate and getinteresttype that return the values of the corresponding data members (as double and int respectively).

Write a grading program for a class with the following grading policies: a. there are two quizzes, each graded on the basis of 10 points. b. there is one midterm exam and one final exam, each graded on the basis of 100 points. c. the final exam counts for 50% of the grade, the midterm counts for 25%, and the two quizzes together count for a total of 25%. (do not forget to normalize the quiz scores. they should be converted to a percentage before they are averaged in.) any grade of 90 or more is an a, any grade of 80 or more (but less than 90) is a b, any grade of 70 or more (but less than 80) is a c, any grade of 60 or more (but less than 70) is a d, and any grade below 60 is an f. the program will read in the student’s scores and output the student’s record, which consists of two quiz and two exam scores as well as the student’s average numeric score for the entire course and final letter grade. define and use a structure for the student reco