The Caesar Cipher involves shifting the alphabet. The amount of the alphabetic shift used to encode the message is known as what?

Let r be a robotic arm with a fixed base and seven links. the last joint of r is a prismatic joint, the other ones are revolute joints. give a set of parameters that determines a placement of r. what is the dimension of the configuration space resulting from your choice of parameters?

Martha is designing a single-player game. her manager suggests that she plan the design to incorporate future modifications. which principle of game design relates to planning for future modifications?

Which best describes the condition under which the unicode output is the same as plain text ?