Describe how the spoofing attack can affect multiple network layers (application, transport, network, and data link layers).

Answer and Explanation:

Affect of spoofing on different layers:

1-Application Layer: The owner and user are allowed to engage in such a system of mutual authentication for application layer connexions to be created, known as a three-way TCP handshake. Detecting threats on the application layer becomes harder when hackers are using spoofing attacks.

2-Transport Layer: Spoofing attack can manipulate data flows, manage to insert sequential details into packets, and fake address which should assist the intruder in gaining access to the session.

3-Network Layer: Intruder squeezes the data over to the network in this layer and locates crucial details needed to start the attack.

4- Data-Link Layer: The ARP Spoofing attack occurs in the Data Link Layer. This enables the intruder to eyewash as an approved host and then assign to capture, avoid, or alter data frames along with the network.

the answer is d underlined.