Harmful programs used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems are commonly referred to as
a. adware
b. malware
c. ransomware
d. spyware

B. Malware

Explanation:

Malware is general to most harmful programs on a computer, as Adware is a potentially unwanted program that is designed to advertise other programs or services. And ransomware is a program that will encrypt important user files such as; documents, pictures, and videos. Spyware is a program that is designed to spy on users, examples are; using your camera without your consent, key-loggers, and taking screenshots of our desktop. Thus i believe it is malware because the question covers multiple categories.

a  social news website  is an  internet  website  that features  user-posted stories. such stories are ranked based on popularity, as voted on by other users of the site or by website administrators. users typically comment online on the news posts and these comments may also be ranked in popularity. since their emergence with the birth of  web 2.0, social news sites have been used to link many types of information, including news, humor, support, and discussion. all such websites allow the users to submit content and each site differs in how the content is moderated. on the  slashdot  and  fark  websites,  administrators  decide which articles are selected for the front page. on  reddit  and  digg, the articles that get the most votes from the community of users will make it to the front page. many social news websites also feature an online comment system, where users discuss the issues raised in an article. some of these sites have also applied their voting system to the comments, so that the most popular comments are displayed first. some social news websites also have a  social networking  function, in that users can set up a user profile and follow other users' online activity on the website.