Systems thinking includes consideration of all of the following except

a. expert opinions
b. how things function
c. how things are created
d. how things connect with other parts of the world

a. Expert Opinion, and since its a method of learning first put forward by Peter Senge at MIT. However, the real inventor was Jay Forrester, who was a professor at MIT, and Senge was his student, He laid the foundation of System thinking in the year 1950. And Senge took his work further to give the System thinking the final shape.

Explanation:

System thinking is a special way of learning, and without the experts opinion, as that's the fundamental of system thinking, and that is to keep the experts away and learn via analysis by self and team. which focuses on the manner the system parts are interrelated, and how that system works as the time passes by, as well as inside the context of the bigger systems like the other parts of the world. Hence,

b. How things function  is covered

c. How things are created  is also covered

d. How things connect with other parts of the world is covered as well.

And only thing left is the expert opinion.

answer(normalization)

answer; i believe the answer is tls,transport layer security;