Given the function definition
void twist( int a, int& b ) {
int c;
c = a + 2;
a = a * 3;
b = c + a;
}
what is the output of the following code fragment that invokes twist? (all variables are of type int.)
r = 1; s = 2; t = 3;
twist(t, s);
cout < < r < < “ “ < < s < < “ “ < < t < < endl;

output of the following code fragment that invokes Twist is:

1 14 3

Explanation:

In the function Twist(),two parameters are passed. First is passed by value and second is passed by reference. If a variable is passed by value then any change made by the function will not affect the original value of that variable but when a variable is passed by reference then any change made by the function will change the original value of that variable. When Twist() function invokes with a=3 and b=2 then value of c=3+2 i.e c=5, a=3*3 i.e. a=9 (value of "a" was 3 earlier) and and b=c+a i.e b=5+9. Here only "b"is passed by reference for variable "s" then any change in it's value will be reflected in the "s". That will update the value of "s" to 14.

answer is c. complication