Compositionally designed systems have the followingcharacteristics except:
a. dynamic definition b. classes built from componentclasses c. encapsulation d. white-box reuse

C) encapsulation

Explanation:

 As, encapsulation is the process by which the data is included from the protocol of the upper layer into lower layer of the protocol in the computer networking. Basically, in the networking it is the method of abstraction, as it allowed different functions by adding different layer. In encapsulation, the IP encapsulated packet are sent over the data link layers protocol for example ethernet.

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