What are the four causes of packet delay? udp and tcp use 1's complement for their checksums. suppose you have the following three 8-bits bytes: 11010101, 11010100, 0100. what is the 1s b. c. d. complement of the sum of these 8-bit bytes?

1. which of the following statements are true about routers and routing on the internet. choose two answers. a. protocols ensure that a single path between two computers is established before sending packets over it. b. routers are hierarchical and the "root" router is responsible for communicating to sub-routers the best paths for them to route internet traffic. c. a packet traveling between two computers on the internet may be rerouted many times along the way or even lost or "dropped". d. routers act independently and route packets as they see fit.