What can an attacker use to capture switch traffic that wouldn't normally be sent to the port the sniffer is attached to?

so if you're an attacker trying capture switch traffic that wouldn't normally be sent to the port the sniffer is attached to you could use ARP poisoning which basically works by sending out lots of bogus ARP messages continuously. This would be effective in redirecting traffic by force as well as being able to tell where the victim is going and what they're doing.

hope this helps :)

system programmer option d is correct

because an operating system is software that manages computer hardware and system resources.