Explain in terms of collision theory, how and why a reactions's rate changes as the reaction progresses

Explanation:

According to collision theory, more is the number of collisions occurring between the combining substances more will be the rate of reaction.

Factors that affect rate of a reaction are as follows.

Temperature - Increase in temperature leads to increase in kinetic energy of particles due to which there occurs more number of collisions between them. As a result, rate of reaction will increase leading to increase in rapid formation of products.

Surface area - More is the surface area of a substance, less will be the interaction between solute and solvent particles. And, when there occurs decrease in surface area then interaction between solute and solvent particles increases. This leads to increase in rate of reaction.

Concentration of reactants - More is the concentration of reactant molecules more is the availability of molecule interaction. As a result, more number of collisions occur leading to increase in rate of a reaction.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.