What is the most penetrating kind of radiation product that can be shielded with aluminum foil

The correct answer is beta particles.

Explanation:

A positron or an electron, which is discharged at a very greater speed and energy from a nuclear decay reaction is known as a beta particle. In comparison to beta particles, the alpha particles are much heavier as it comprises two neutrons that are held together.  

The beta particles are able to get stopped by a thin foil of aluminum is because of the fact that they are the charged particles and thus, associate electromagnetically more with the matter in comparison to the other kinds of radiations.  

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms