Butanal and butanone have different chemical and physical properties primarily because of differences in their
(1) functional groups
(2) molecular masses
(3) molecular formulas
(4) number of carbon atoms per molecule

(1) functional groups

Explanation:

Functional groups are specific group of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

The compounds having similar molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms or groups in space are called isomers and the phenomenon is called as isomerism.  

Butanal is and butanone is .

and are functional isomers which have same molecular formula , similar masses and same number of carbon atoms per molecule but different functional groups attached.

heat or electricity in the atmosphere- c.

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.