What do scientists look at in the ice to figure out the earth's atmosphere and temperature?

What happened to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 2010–2017?

Imagine that you push on a large rock. at what point does your effort change the rock’s mechanical energy?

Large helium-filled balloons are used to lift scientific equipment to high altitudes. what is the pressure inside such a balloon if it starts out at sea level with a temperature of 10.0ºc and rises to an altitude where its volume is twenty times the original volume and its temperature is – 50.0ºc ?