What are the tiny particles that make up protons and neutrons

Protons and neutrons are made up of tiny particles called quarks.

A proton is a baryon made up two Up and one Down  quark.

A neutron is made of two Down quarks and one Up quark.

The Up quarks possess a 2/3 positive charge  while the Down quark possess a 1/3 negative  charge.

When we refer that a proton consists of two Up quarks and a Down, this simply means that its net appearance matches this description.

It is thought that quarks themselves are surrounded by gluons. 

Gluons are the basic particles underlying the strong interaction between protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

  the   balanced   equation   for   reaction of   ca metal   with   o2 to   produce   cao   is as below

2 ca+ o2→ 2 cao2

  explanation

the reaction is   balanced     since the   number of atoms   in reactant side is   equal to   number of atoms   in   product side.   for   example   they   are 2   atom of   ca in   reactant   side   and   2   atoms of ca   in   the product side.

  the   process   is a   meet the   requirement   of   redox   reaction because :     calcium   is   oxidized   from   oxidation state 0   to 2+   while   oxygen   is reduced from   oxidation   state   0   to 2-