What is the definition of a covalent bond?

Covalent bond is the type of interaction that is occur by the sharing of electrons pair between the atoms.

Chemical bonding:

“Interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other species are called chemical bonding”

Explanation:

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.  

Types of chemical bonding:

1.Ionic bonding

2.Covalent bonding

3.Coordinate covalent bond/ Dipolar bonding

4.Metallic bonding

5.Intermolecular bonding

On the basis of the strength of chemical bond there are two types of bonding interactions;

•Primary bonding interactions (Strong bonding interactions)

(Ionic bond, Covalent bond and Metallic bond)

•Secondary bonding interactions (weak bonding interactions)

(Dipole-dipole interaction, London dispersion forces and hydrogen bonding)

Covalent Bonding

“Covalent bonding is a type of bonding, in which two or more atoms share valence electrons more or less equally”

 Types of covalent bonding

1.Single covalent bond

2.Double covalent bond

3.Triple covalent bond

The simplest and most common type is a single bond in which two atoms share two electrons. Other types include the double bond, the triple bond, one- and three-electron bonds, the three-center two-electron bond and three-center four-electron bond.

4.Polar covalent bond  

5.Non-Polar covalent bond

Polar covalent bond

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond with a significant ionic character. This means that the two shared electrons are closer to one of the atoms than the other, creating an imbalance of charge. Such bonds occur between two atoms with moderately different electronegativities and give rise to dipole–dipole interactions. The electronegativity difference between the two atoms in these bonds is 0.3 to 1.7.

Non-Polar covalent bond

In nonpolar covalent bonds, the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is small, typically 0 to 0.3. Bonds within most organic compounds are described as covalent.  

Molecules which are formed primarily from non-polar covalent bonds are often immiscible in water or other polar solvents, but much more soluble in non-polar solvents such as hexane.