When metals combine with nonmetals, the metallic atoms tend to 1. lose electrons and become positive ions 2. lose electrons and become negative ions 3. gain electrons and become positive ions 4. gain electrons and become negative ions?

1) lose electrons and become positive ions

Explanation:

To be able to solve this question, it is crucial to understand generally the chemistry of metals and non metals.

Generally metals are found in groups 1,2,3 in the periodic table. What these  tells us is that they have 1,2,3 electrons in their outermost shells. whenever metals want to go into reactions to complete their octet, it is much more feasible energy wise to lose those few electrons than accept about 5,6,7 more electrons.

When a compound loses its electron(s), it becomes a positive ion due to the net increase of protons compared to electrons.

For instance, calcium has 20 electrons and protons. However when it loses 2 electrons to complete its octet and become Ca2+, it still retains its 20 protons but the total number of electrons left is 20 -2 = 1 8. The difference between the protons and the electrons is usually what is represented by the charge on the ion.

However, the reverse is the case when it comes to nonmetals. Non metals would rather accept the few electrons as it is much feasible energy wise to complete its octet. Also, when  non metals gain electrons they would become negative ions due to the excess in number of electrons compared to protons.

As such, the only logical answer would be 1) lose electrons and become positive ions.

explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.