All of the alkali earth metals, group 2, have two valence electrons. which of these would represent the oxidation number of the alkali earth metals such as magnesium and calcium?

Since Group 2 alkali earth metals have 2 valence electrons, they tend to lose those 2 when forming ionic bonds. And the Loss of Electrons = Oxidation (L.E.O. for short). Therefore this group, including Mg and Ca, have an oxidation of [+2].
So the correct answer is C) +2

Mass is the amount of matter in an object.  weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.  say for example, you travel to the moon which has a different gravitational field compared to the gravitational field of earth. (gravitational fields: earth = 1, moon = 0.165)  now when you are on the moon, the pull of gravity on you is different than on the earth. and as weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object, that means yes, your weight can and will change on the moon.  however, on the moon, on earth or even on jupiter, the amount of mass inside of you remains the same. meaning your physical mass remains constant.  in conclusion it is possible for your weight to change as your mass remains constant. 

And a) oxygen i believe