Which number determines how the periodic table is arranged?

Each element on the Periodic Table has their own configuration of electrons. In order to have a neutral charge, there is an equal number of protons to electrons.
Thus, the atomic number (number of protons) order the elements. There is also consideration of each element's properties, but all that goes hand-in-hand with its atomic number.

D. most models represent a real world object in a simpler way

No table found. the question asks for covalent bond based on electronegativies