If 100 grams of water can produce 11 grams of hydrogen gas, how many kilograms of hydrogen gas can be produced in the electrolysis of 500 kg of water?

By using the given ratio, we will find that, out of 500kg of water, we could produce 55kg of hydrogen gas.

We know that out of 100 grams of water, we can produce 11 grams of hydrogen gas.

Taking the quotient we get the ratio:

(11g/100g) = 0.11

We could conclude that for any mass of water we can produce 0.11 times that mass of hydrogen gas.

This means that if we have 500kg of water, then we can produce:

0.11*500kg = 55kg of hydrogen gas.

If you want to learn more about ratios, you can read:

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.