The measure of energy used in electrochemistry is the cell (Ecell), which is the difference in electrical potential between two electrodes. A common term for this difference in electrical potential is force or emf.

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each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.