Determine the heat of reaction (ΔHrxn) for the process by which lead (II) chloride (PbCl2) is formed from its elements: Pb (s) + Cl2 (g) → PbCl2 (s)

by using the following thermochemical data:

Pb (s) + 2 Cl2 (g) → PbCl4 (l) ΔH = - 329.3 kJ

PbCl2 (s) + Cl2 (g) → PbCl4 (l) ΔH = + 30.1 kJ

the density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3

the relation between density and mass and volume is

density = mass / volume

given :

mass of gold = 13 g

density = 13g / volume = 19.3

volume = 13 /19.3 = 0.67 cm^3

thus volume of gold nugget = 0.67 cm^3

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation is called thermal radiation . it is usually carried out by electromagnetic waves in an energy range just below the visible spectrum, which is the infrared range.

so the answer would be radiation.

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